prepared by R. Geiger
There is a list of 300 companies belonging to the Grocery Manufacturers Association Lobby which opposes GMO labeling at www.boycottlist.org/infographic.html. Those of us who favor GMO labeling of foods have been encouraged to boycott these companies. I have listed those companies that are most familiar to me and some of their more familiar brands. I was surprised to find out how many different brands some of these companies produce. Proctor and Gamble, for example, produces more than 35 well-advertised brands, including Pampers, Pantene shampoo, and Pepto-Bismal. Hopefully this list can make our boycott more effective.Bayer Crop Science - Bayer, Clothiandin, Imidaclopridr, Pledge, S.C. Johnson, Windex
Bimbo Bakeries - Arnold (bread), Ball Park (buns), Brown Berry, Earthgrains bread, Entemann's, Sara Lee, Stroehmann
Blue Diamond Growers - Almond Breeze, Blue Diamond, Nut Thins
Bumblebee Foods - Bumblebee, King Oscar
Campbell's - Campbell, Goldfish, Milano, Pepperidge Farm, Plum Organics, Prego, SpaghettiOs, Swanson, V8 Beverages, Wolfgang Puck organic soups
Cargill - Diamond Crystal salt, Honeysuckle White Turkey, Truvia
Chiquita Fast Express, Inc.- Chiquita, Fresh Express Salads
The Clorox Company - Burt's Bees, Clorox, Formula 409, Fresh Step, Green Works, Handi-Wipes, Liquid Plumr, Pine-Sol, S.O.S., Tilex
Coca-Cola - Bacardi, Barq's, Coke, Dannon, Dasani, Dr. Pepper, Evian, Fanta, Five Alive, Fresca, Fruitopia, Fuze, Hi-C, Honest Tea, Mello Yello, Minute Maid, Odwalla, Powerade, Schweppes, Sprite, TaB
Colgate-Palmolive - AJAX, Colgate, Dermassage, Fabuloso, Gear, Irish Spring, Lady Speed Stick, Murphy Oil Soap, Palmolive, Skin Bracer, Softsoap
ConAgra Foods - Alexia, Andy Capp's, Banquet, Bertelli, Blue Bonnet, Chef Boyardee, Crunch Munch, Dennison's, Egg Beaters, Fiddle Faddle, Fleischmann's, Hebrew National, Hunt's, Healthy Choice, Jiffy Pop, Kid Cuisine, La Choy, Libby's, Manwich, Marie Calender's, Orville Redenbocker's, PAM, Pam organic cooking sprays, Parkay, P.E. Chang's, Penrose, Peter Pan, Ranch Style, Reddi Wip, Rosarita, Slim Jim, Swiss Miss,Van Camp's, Wesson, Wolf Brand Chili
DelGrosso Foods, Inc.- Del Grosso
Del Monte Foods - Del Monte
Dole Packaged Foods - Dole
Dupont and Solae - Dupont, Teflon
Georgia-Pacific, LLC - Angel Soft, Brawny, Dixie, Georgia-Pacific, Quilted Northern, Sparkle, Vanity Fair
General Mills - Betty Crocker, Bisquick, Bugles, Cascadian Farm, Cheerios, Chex, Cinnamon Toast Crunch, Fiber One, Fruit Snacks, General Mills, Glen, Gold Medal, Good Earth, Green Giant, Häagen-Dazs, Helper, Kix, Larabar, Lucky Charms, Macaroni Grill, Muir Glen, Nature Valley, Old El Paso, Pillsbury, Progresso, Total, Trix, Wheaties, Yoplait
Godiva Chocolatier - Godiva
Goya de Puerto Rico, Inc.- Goya
Hershey's - Almond Joy, Breath Savers, Brookside,Bubble Yum (gum), Cadbury, Dagoba, Good & Plenty, Heath, Hershey, Ice Breakers, Jolly Rancher, Milk Duds, Mounds, Reese's, Pay Day, Rolo, Take 5, Twizzler's, Whatchacallit, Whoppers Malted Milk Balls, York Peppermint Pattie, Zagnut, Zero
Hewlett Packard Co. - laptops, tablets, toner, cartridges, printers, monitors, ink, printers, desktops, etc.
H.J.Heinz - Classico, Heinz, Lea & Perrins, Ore-Ida, Smartones, Weight Watchers
Kellogg's - Bear Naked, Crispix, Crunch Mania, Fruit Loops, Fruit Snacks, Gardenburger, Kashi, Kellogg, Morningstar Farms, Mueslix (cereal), Pop Tarts, Product 19, Famous Amos, Pringles, Scooby-Doo!, Special K, Smorz
Kraft - A.1., Athenos, Boca Burgers, Caprisun, Claussen, Country Time, Cracker Barrel, Crystal Light, Green and Black's, Jell-o, Kool-Aid, Kraft, Lunchables,Maxwell House, Miracle Whip, Oscar Mayer, Planters
Land O' Lakes, Inc. - Land O' Lakes
McCormick - Kitchen Basics, Lawry's, McCormick, Old Bay, Simply Asia, Thai Kitchen, Zatarain's
McDonald's Corporation - fast food restaurants
Merck-Coppertone, Dr.Scholl's, Claritin, A&D, Fosamax, Miralax, Nasonex, Oxytrol, Lisonopril, Zocor
Mondelez - belVita, Boca Burgers, Caprisun, Cadbury, Chips Ahoy!, Dentyne, Green and Black's, Holney Maid, Maxwell House, Nutter Butter, Oreo, PREMIUM, Ritz, Stride, Tang, Trident, Triscuit, Wheat Thins
Monsanto - Roundup, Asgrow, De Ruiter seeds, Acceleron
Morton Salt - Morton
Nestle - Alpo, Beneful, Boost, Butterfinger, Carnation, Cerelac, Chef, Chef Michael, Coffee-Mate, Crunch, DiGiorno, Dreyer's, Fancy Feast, Felix, Friskies, Gerber, Gourmet (cat food), Haagen-Daz, Hot Pockets, KitKat, Lean Cuisine, NesCafe, Nesquik, Nestle, Nestra, Perrier, Poland Spring, Purina, S. Pelligrino, Stouffer's, Sweet Leaf tea, Toll House, Tombstone (pizza), Wonka
PepsiCo - Aquafina, Brisk, Cheetos, Doritos, Frito-Lay, Gatorade, IZZE, Lays, Lipton, Mt. Dew, Naked Juice, Pepsi, Quaker, Ruffles, 7-UP, Sierra Mist, Tostitos, Tropicana
Proctor and Gamble Co. - Ariel, Bounce, Charmin, Cascade, Crest, Covergirl, Clairol, Dawn, Downy, Duracell, Febreze, Fixodent, Gain, Gillette, IAMS, Ivory, Head and Shoulders, Herbal Essence, Olay, Old Spice, Oral-B, Luvs, Mach 3, Nice 'n Easy, Pampers, Pantene, Pepto-Bismal, Prilosec, Proctor and Gamble, Puffs, Safegaurd, Scope, Secret, Swifter, Tide, Venus, Vidal Sasson, Vicks, ZZZQuil
Safeway, Inc. - the grocery store.
Smucker's - Dunkin Donuts, Folgers, Jif, R.W. Knudsen, Santa Cruz organic, Smuckers Organic
Starbucks - Starbucks® coffee, tea, brewers, gifts, drinkware and logo merchandise.
Sun-Maid Growers of Calif. - Sun-Maid dried raisins, prunes, dates, cherries, etc.
Sunny Delight Beverages Co.- Elations, Fruit 2O, Sunny D, Very Fine,
Syngenta-Dow Agro Sciences - Dow, Golden Harvest, Thiamethoxam
3M Company - Tape products, floor tiles, mats, vacuums, accessories, etc.
NOTE: There are other choices. For example, Giant Eagle brand products available at Giant Eagle Supermarkets, Aldi brand products available at Aldis, and DG brand products available at Dollar General are some of the many selections not on the boycott list.
ADDITIONAL NOTE: You have all the info you need to participate. Why read another post? This next one is for those of us who are uninformed or not committed to the GMA Boycott. The next post explains the importance/significance of boycotting large corporations which fail to support human rights and the Common Good. This next post is a warning based on history, political analysis, ethics, philosophy, economics, science, and social research. Ignore it at your own risk or rather the the risk to the well-being of your children and grandchildren, born and unborn.
F. UNLABELED GMO FUTURE
by rich geiger
by rich geiger
You have probably heard the saying "History repeats itself". And "the more things change, the more they remain the same". If there is truth in those sayings, I wonder if it isn't due to the unchanging character of human nature. Even though our scientific knowledge and technological achievements are evidence of our increased understanding of the physical world, people still abuse one another and continue to attempt individual and group conflict resolution via violent means and human nature still tends to be greedy and self-centered. Those latter traits seem to be more pronounced or manifest in people who are wealthier [see Plutocracy Now!, Section C (Psychology of the Wealthy)]
1. The Robber Barons
There is a book by Howard Zinn entitled History is a Weapon, the
eleventh chapter of which is entitled "Robber Barons and Rebels". The
robber barons were people like Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan, Frick, and
Vanderbilt who became rich and successful, or, more often, richer and more successful by using advances in industrial technology to build large business enterprises through
unscrupulous means. "Unscrupulous" refers to keeping wages low,
maintaining high prices, choking out competition, using government
subsidies. This took place in America during the late 1800s to the
early 1900s.Some will argue that the efforts of the robber barons resulted in the U.S. becoming a world power which would "save" the free world first during World War I and again during World War II.
If this argument is designed to redeem the decision makers of that day or justify their actions, I think the argument is weak at best. First of all, this argument ignores a principle of morality, namely that the end never justifies the means. Secondly, let's look at the means or the cost of this nation's relatively rapid rise to greatness on the world stage. There is (1) the wholly unjust and abusive acquisition of land from Native Americans as well as the cruel, unjustifiable subjugation and segregation of the tribes to reservations, tracts of land no one else wanted at the time, completed by 1870. Why? In order to attract and then placate more European immigrants with land grants and to guarantee safe passage for the expanding railroad industry. The price also entails (2) the abusive treatment of the working class such as unhealthful/unsafe working and living conditions created by factories and mills for low-paid immigrant laborers. Immigrants like the Chinese who built the railroads were forced into virtual slavery due to their wages not exceeding the price of the room and board supplied by their employers. Thousands of workers were killed or injured in labor strikes that attempted to force their employers to treat them more reasonably. Then there is (3) the environmental price. One example of this is the passenger pigeon which was hunted to extinction by 1900 with the aid of the railroads and the telegraph. By 1883, nearly all bison in the United States had been killed. They would have died out completely except for the efforts of citizens not employed by the government.
2. Social Conditioning of the Masses
Why didn't more people rebel or find the price of progress too
steep too pay? Many people were evidently more concerned with racial
and ethnic conflicts than with cooperating for the common cause of
justice. Schools, churches, etc. also played a part in helping the
robber barons get richer at the expense of the masses. They
indoctrinated the common people with the idea that the Rich were better
off financially because the Rich were honest and moral. They taught the
common people that if one was poor it was because one was being
punished for one's sins.Zinn mentions Russel Conwell, a Yale Law School graduate who traveled around the country delivering his lecture entitled "Acres of Diamonds". Here is an excerpt Zinn cites in his book:
" I say that you ought to get rich, and it is your duty to get rich.... The men who get rich may be the most honest men you find in the community. Let me say here clearly .. . ninety-eight out of one hundred of the rich men of America are honest. That is why they are rich. That is why they are trusted with money. That is why they carry on great enterprises and find plenty of people to work with them. It is because they are honest men. ...
... I sympathize with the poor, but the number of poor who are to be sympathised with is very small. To sympathize with a man whom God has punished for his sins ... is to do wrong.... let us remember there is not a poor person in the United States who was not made poor by his own shortcomings. ..."
I wonder how many succeeding generations Conwell has influenced. I remember being taught those sorts of beliefs as a child. I have been subsequently blessed with the ability and desire to question the "truths" I learned as a child. Not everyone is willing to endure the discomfort of questioning what they were taught by parents, teachers, siblings, etc. As long as Conwell's teachings get unquestioningly passed from generation to generation, the rich and powerful will more easily control the masses while increasing their own power and wealth at the expense of the rest of us.
Ever wonder why you don't hear in-depth discussions of real issues such as Plutocracy on mainstream radio and TV? If you have any doubt about the existence of the Plutocracy of the United States, I suggest you read www.savingrepublic.blogspot.com. The rich and powerful control the main commercial radio and TV stations in this country. It seems they would also love to seize control of the Internet.
3. The Supreme Court
The recent pro-business decisions issued by the Supreme Court
indicates the upper Upper class's influence is felt there as well.
This is not unique in terms of U.S. history. Chapter 11 of Zinn's book
quotes a New York banker's 1897 toast to the Supreme Court. "I give you, gentlemen, the Supreme
Court of the United States-guardian of the dollar, defender of private property, enemy of spoliation,
sheet anchor of the Republic." Sounds like today's Court. But I would change the last phrase to "sheet anchor of the Plutocracy".
4. Presidential Politics
There are parallels between the robber baron period and the present in regard to presidential politics as well. According to Zinn, Henry Adams, a literary commentator at the time of Cleveland's presidential campaign, wrote,
"We are here plunged in politics funnier than words can express. Very great issues are involved.. . .
But the amusing thing is that no one talks about real interests. By common consent they agree to let
these alone. We are afraid to discuss them. Instead of this the press is engaged in a most amusing
dispute whether Mr. Cleveland had an illegitimate child and did or did not live with more than one
mistress."
Zinn observes that "the
presidential election itself had avoided real issues; there was no
clear understanding of which
interests would gain and which would lose if certain policies were
adopted." That brings to mind presidential candidate Obama's saying in
2007, “Here’s what I’ll do as president … We’ll let folks know if their food
has been genetically modified, because Americans should know what
they’re buying,”
These actions interfere with the human right to know what we are eating
and are opposed to maintaining environmental quality. Who controls the
executive branch? Review candidate Obama's campaign promise to let us
know. Then review what happened after he became President. The winner
is Monsanto. The loser is the American public.
The sad thing is that Monsanto would have won even if Romney or McCain had beaten Obama.
The sad thing is that Monsanto would have won even if Romney or McCain had beaten Obama.
After being elected, President Cleveland assured industrialists "No harm shall come to any business interest as the result of administrative policy so long as
I am President ... a transfer of executive control from one party to another does not mean any
serious disturbance of existing conditions."
Evidently some large corporations/industries contribute huge sums to both Republicans and Democrats so that they can influence whichever side wins. That explains why no "serious disturbance of existing conditions" occurs.Hilary Clinton, the great female hope to many, is a big well-known Monsanto/GMO supporter.
5. The Two Party System
Politicians in both parties are beholding to the corporations that fund their political campaigns. Increased drama in the apparent conflict between Democrats and Republicans, I suspect, is an indication of how desperate they are to distract us from what is really happening. Take, for example, House Speaker Boehner's announcement of his intention to sue President Obama over the EPA's proposed carbon emissions standards for coal-powered electric generation plants. Felt like "overkill" to me. According to an article in the Milwaukee Journal (www. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel) posted on 1/22/14 by David Newby entitled "Fast track on Trade Agreement is Wrong Track", the Trans Pacific Partnership Trade Agreement (TPPTA) being secretly negotiated would give businesses the legal power to sue the government over regulations that interfere with their ability to compete with businesses from other countries which also sign the agreement. From what I've read, I suspect that, under the TPPTA, if a foreign company not subject to the same environmental or safety regulations by which an American competitor is legally bound, performs more successfully than the American company, the American company can sue the Government for lost profits. If the American company can prove that it lost business because of the added expense of government regulations, the government would be found legally liable. After the government lost a number of these cases it would not be long before legislators would be clambering to take credit for lowering environmental and work safety standards. In other words, the EPA standards will never have a chance to go into effect if the TPPTA is ratified by the United States.
This is the catch. President Obama wants the TPPTA, which has been described as NAFTA on steroids, to be approved ASAP. So both Boehner and Obama want what is best for Big Business but they create the impression that their positions are diametrically opposed.
The politicians are controlled by the rich and powerful Puppet Masters. The Puppet Masters direct the mock serious melodramatic conflict in Washington, D.C. between the Republicans and Democrats. There are also the apparently sincere Progressive politicians who promote slightly more rational solutions to the country's problems. The Puppet Masters may view the Progressives as providing a measure of temporary comic relief but, at the same time, the Puppet Masters also evidently feel threatened by them as they are spending millions to try to replace them.
We, who understand what is really going on and who want to change it, would be foolish and perhaps remiss not to vote for professed Progressive candidates. But it would also be a mistake for us to depend on them or any politician or group of politicians "to put things right".
6. Evil and the Power of the People
One of my favorite quotes is by an Irish statesman, Edmund Burke.
"All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do
nothing". It makes me wonder if there is such an animal as a good
person who doesn't care enough to oppose evil? Perhaps it would be a
liberal Republican. For a clear idea of what I mean by "evil" in the
context of this post, think about the movie "Soylent Green".It describes a future in which the world is overpopulated, beautiful natural open space has been eradicated, where only the wealthiest can eat fresh food of any kind. The Soylent Green future = evil.
The only time politicians act in the best interest of the Common Good and of human rights when such action is contraindicated by the interests of the rich and powerful is when the populace expresses their power. I'm not referring to the power of the ballot box. Even if one is motivated to vote an official out of office, by the time the election comes around, one will probably have forgotten that determination or the official will have done something favorable in the meantime.
I am referring to the populace expressing their power by a willingness to make the necessary sacrifices in terms of convenience, in terms of the quality of goods and services, etc. in order to boycott those corporations which fail to support the Common Good. A company fails to support the Common Good by disrespecting human rights; by paying its employees less than a healthful living wage [see www.equaleconomy.blogspot.com, Section C (An Alternative Solution), #1. (A Healthful Lifestyle)]; by producing synthetic chemicals and unnecessary pollutants that have a negative impact on human health and/or on the environment; by depending on suppliers who likewise fail to support the Common Good.
Each person who cares needs to ask her/himself at the end of each day, "Is the world closer to the future of Soylent Green and if so, was I complicit in that advance?" As much as we support these anti-Common Good corporations with our purchases, that's how complicit we are in enabling the Soylent Green future. None of us is perfect. I don't expect anyone to be 100% non-complicit all the time. It may be helpful for us to be more self-aware of how much we are contributing to the problem (i.e. hastening the arrival of the Soylent Green future) and how much to the solution (i.e. preserving as much of the Common Good as possible). If someone from the upper 1% were to watch "Soylent Green"they would be able to remain quite emotionally detached. The position they and their descendents would occupy in the Soylent Green future appears relatively advantageous and comfortable in the movie. In other words, we shouldn't expect the rich and powerful to lift a finger to prevent a Soylent Green future.
7. The Cost of Greed
This is no longer 1870 nor 1910. But the mindset, values, etc. of
the
rich and powerful seem to be the same today as they were back then.
Their goal is the same - to accumulate as much wealth and power as
possible. There is always a price to be paid for the rich getting
richer while the poor get poorer. Section one discussed the cost paid
around the beginning of the twentieth century. The COST now, as then, is paid in
terms of human suffering and environmental degradation. A few examples of current costs are the disappearing Monarch butterflies (http://tywkiwdbi.blogspot.com/2014/02/plight-of-monarch-butterfly.html), the decrease
in the population of various whale species (http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/whale), the out of control human
population growth, the collapsing bee colonies (mvgazette.com/news/2014/02/20/risky-business-herbicides?k=vg53ac72eb33464)., global warming, the
thinning of the ozone layer, the increase in chronic diseases (obesity,
diabetes, lung cancer). Some people deny that human activity caused
these problems or that humans can do anything to mitigate the problems.
If that is the case, there is no sense in trying to do anything
differently.Global warming, thinning of the ozone, increasing pollution, increases in chronic diseases, growing gap between the haves and the have-nots are all real problems, regardless of who or what is responsible for them. If something is not done to solve them, human life as we know it, will be gone forever. And the "life" that replaces it is not going to be qualitatively better. If you would like to see what the replacement will be like, watch the movie Soylent Green.
8. GMOs and Passivity
Unchecked corporate power and greed are carrying us into the future of
Soylent Green. Are most Americans willing to passively go along on this
journey by allowing corporations more and more power? Why do I think
that may be the case? There are many pledges one can take via the
Internet. I will focus on two of those. Pledge #1 has been on there
for months. It asks people to agree to boycott companies that oppose
GMO labeling. Pledge #2, a more recent one, asks people to boycott
Hobby Lobby, a national chain of stores that won a Supreme Court case.
In that case, the Supreme Court ruled that a closely held corporation has a right to deny
health care insurance coverage for contraceptives for their
female employees on the grounds of the owner's religious beliefs. Pledge #1 is directed against large corporations that are spending millions to deny the American public the right to know what is in the food they eat every day. Pledge #2 is directed against a nationwide chain of arts and crafts stores whose owner is morally opposed to enabling his female employees to use contraceptives. While his attitude, from a Christian viewpoint, seems to be in opposition to the Gospel principle of agapao, unconditional brotherly love, he is not motivated by profit as are the corporations of Pledge #1. Nor is the female employees' freedom to attain the desired contraceptives by means other than company-funded insurance being threatened.
I signed pledge #2 because I don't agree with the Supreme Court's philosophy that corporations are people and therefore entitled to the same rights as individual citizens. This philosophy is contributing greatly to corporate America's power to destroy the quality of our lives by advancing the Soylent Green future.
When I compared the responses to these two petitions I was surprised. By July 4 of this year, 20,000 people had signed Pledge #1 whereas by July 1, 200,000 people had signed Pledge #2. I keep wondering why would at least 180,000 people be willing to boycott Hobby Lobby but be reluctant to boycott the other corporations helping to create the Soylent Green future?
One possible explanation for the
reluctance of 180,000 Internet users not to sign Pledge #1 is that, even
though they have no friends or family employed by Hobby Lobby, they do
have friends and/or family employed by one or more of the corporations
targeted by Pledge #1. If you are such a person reading this, I'd like
to address you directly. Do you realize that if enough people committed
to boycotting the corporation where your friend or family member works,
that the corporation would likely give in before having to lay off
employees? The corporation would renounce its membership in the
Grocery Manufacturers Association lobby and publicly support consumers'
right to know what they are eating. At that point those who had pledged
to boycott could resume buying the company's products and the company
jobs would remain as secure as before the boycott.
If, on the other hand, the corporation chose not to do the right thing and there were layoffs because of decreased demand, do you realize that would be the fault of the corporation - not the boycotters?
Lastly, I wonder if you had a family with children and you worked for a corporation whose actions were going to be partially responsible for the creation of the Soylent Green future of your children and your grandchildren, would you be grateful to your friends and family for not trying to hold that company to account?
The die has been cast. The writing is on the wall.
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If, on the other hand, the corporation chose not to do the right thing and there were layoffs because of decreased demand, do you realize that would be the fault of the corporation - not the boycotters?
Lastly, I wonder if you had a family with children and you worked for a corporation whose actions were going to be partially responsible for the creation of the Soylent Green future of your children and your grandchildren, would you be grateful to your friends and family for not trying to hold that company to account?
The die has been cast. The writing is on the wall.
_______________________________________________________________________________
THE WALL
The Cost of Unchecked Corporate Greed
Age of the Robber Barons
$ Persecution of Native Americans
$ Extinction of the Passenger Pigeon
$ Near Extinction of the American Bison
$ Corporate Abuse of Workers
$ Inflated Prices for Consumers
$ Government subsidies for private businesses
$ Government subsidies for private businesses
Present
$ American Super Rich getting richer and increasing in numbers
$ American non-Super Rich also increasing in numbers but with decreasing net worth [www.savingrepublic.blogspot.com, Section A (Economic Inequality), #2 (Net Worth)]
$ Declining Monarch butterfly population
$ American non-Super Rich also increasing in numbers but with decreasing net worth [www.savingrepublic.blogspot.com, Section A (Economic Inequality), #2 (Net Worth)]
$ Declining Monarch butterfly population
$ Collapsing bee colonies
$ Increased herbicide use
$ Basic human rights like the right to know what we are eating
$ Deteriorating infrastructure (http:/www.infrastructurereportcard.org/)
$ Higher prices
$ Unemployment
$ Declining quality of education
$ Unnecessary air, water and ground pollution
$ Rising ocean levels
$ Declining populations of various whale species
$ Increased chronic diseases
$ Excessive population
Soylent Green Future
$ Fresh food only for the wealthy
$ Long lines to get processed nutrients and water
$ Energy shortages
$ Higher prices
$ Too many people
$ Increased disease and disabilities
$ Declining education
$ Housing shortages
$ Chronic unemployment
$ Death of the oceans
$ Natural landscapes and open green space eradicated
$ Massive species extinctions
$ No more glaciers nor polar ice
$ Coastal cities flooded
$ Widespread poverty
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